Multicomponent transport of alcohols in an anion exchange membrane measured by in-situ ATR FTIR spectroscopy

Multicomponent transport through membranes is encountered in many applications, including photoelectrochemical CO reduction devices that convert CO into alcohols. We report the use of in-situ ATR FTIR spectroscopy to quantify the permeability of Selemion AMV, a commonly used anion exchange membrane, to mixtures of alcohols. An in-situ ATR FTIR spectrophotometer probe inserted into a standard diffusion cell enabled straightforward measurement of membrane permeability in multicomponent transport experiments without the need to periodically remove aliquots from the diffusion cell. The solubilities of alcohols in Selemion AMV were measured using a standard sorption/desorption technique. The solution-diffusion model was used to calculate alcohol diffusivities in Selemion AMV from measured permeabilities and solubilities. The relative contributions of alcohol solubility and diffusivity to overall permeability are discussed, and changes in permeability, solubility, and diffusivity with changing composition in binary and ternary alcohol mixtures are described. 2

Association and Mutation Analyses of 16p11.2 Autism Candidate Genes

Autism is a complex childhood neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic basis. Microdeletion or duplication of a approximately 500-700-kb genomic rearrangement on 16p11.2 that contains 24 genes represents the second most frequent chromosomal disorder associated with autism. The role of common and rare 16p11.2 sequence variants in autism etiology is unknown.To identify common 16p11.2 variants with a potential role in autism, we performed association studies using existing data generated from three microarray platforms: Affymetrix 5.0 (777 families), Illumina 550 K (943 families), and Affymetrix 500 K (60 families). No common variants were identified that were significantly associated with autism. To look for rare variants, we performed resequencing of coding and promoter regions for eight candidate genes selected based on their known expression patterns and functions. In total, we identified 26 novel variants in autism: 13 exonic (nine non-synonymous, three synonymous, and one untranslated region) and 13 promoter variants. We found a significant association between autism and a coding variant in the seizure-related gene SEZ6L2 (12/1106 autism vs. 3/1161 controls; p = 0.018). Sez6l2 expression in mouse embryos was restricted to the spinal cord and brain. SEZ6L2 expression in human fetal brain was highest in post-mitotic cortical layers, hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus. Association analysis of SEZ6L2 in an independent sample set failed to replicate our initial findings.We have identified sequence variation in at least one candidate gene in 16p11.2 that may represent a novel genetic risk factor for autism. However, further studies are required to substantiate these preliminary findings

Multicomponent transport of alcohols in an anion exchange membrane measured by in-situ ATR FTIR spectroscopy

Multicomponent transport through membranes is encountered in many applications, including photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction devices that convert CO2 into alcohols. We report the use of in-situ ATR FTIR spectroscopy to quantify the permeability of Selemion AMV, a commonly used anion exchange membrane, to mixtures of alcohols. An in-situ ATR FTIR spectrophotometer probe inserted into a standard diffusion cell enabled straightforward measurement of membrane permeability in multicomponent transport experiments without the need to periodically remove aliquots from the diffusion cell. The solubilities of alcohols in Selemion AMV were measured using a standard sorption/desorption technique. The solution-diffusion model was used to calculate alcohol diffusivities in Selemion AMV from measured permeabilities and solubilities. The relative contributions of alcohol solubility and diffusivity to overall permeability are discussed, and changes in permeability, solubility, and diffusivity with changing composition in binary and ternary alcohol mixtures are described

Cytologic changes induced by 131

Cytological changes in the thyroid glands of 120 patients who had received I-131 treatment for hyperthyroidism were examined in detail. The cytological material was obtained by fine needle aspiration cytology. The patients were divided into four groups according to the amount of time elapsed after the I-131 treatment. The control groups were selected from euthyroid patients with hypoactive or non-functional solitary nodules and patients with Graves' disease who had not received I-131 therapy. The thyrocytes revealed degenerative changes in the immediate period after cessation of treatment. One year after the treatment some non-specific changes, such as oxyphilic metaplasia and regeneration, were seen. No malignant change has been observed clinically or cytologically during up to 20 years of follow up since receiving I-131